The working principle and application circuit of a Zener diode 1

The Zener diode, also known as the CY28325PVC-2 germanium diode, is a commonly used type of diode. It was invented by the German physicist Zener in the early 20th century, hence its name. The Zener diode is a semiconductor device made of germanium material, featuring two electrodes: the positive (anode) and negative (cathode). Essentially, the Zener diode is a PN junction diode with characteristics of forward conduction and reverse blocking.diode

Working Principle:

1. Forward Bias (Conduction State): When a sufficient voltage is applied to the forward connection of a Zener diode, electrons flow from the N-type region to the P-type region, while holes flow from the P-type region to the N-type region, causing the PN junction to conduct and allowing current to flow. In this state, the Zener diode exhibits low resistance, and the voltage drop across its terminals is minimal.

2. Reverse Bias (Cutoff State): When a reverse voltage is applied to a Zener diode, the presence of the PN junction creates an electric field that completely separates holes and electrons, preventing current from flowing through the diode. At this point, the diode exhibits high resistance and is referred to as being in the reverse cutoff state.diode