Introduction to Basic Knowledge of Integrated Circuits: From Atomic Structure to Transistors 2

3. PN structure:

PN structure is a common structure in semiconductor devices, consisting of P-type semiconductor (rich in positive charge carriers) and N-type semiconductor (rich in negative charge carriers). The formation of PN structure can be used to construct devices such as diodes and Transistors.

4. Transistor:

Transistors are the basic components of integrated circuits, divided into two types: bipolar transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Transistors can achieve functions such as signal amplification and switch regulation. BJT consists of three regions: emitter region, base region, and collector region; FET typically includes a gate, drain, and source.

In general, integrated circuits achieve complex circuit functions by integrating numerous components such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, etc. on semiconductor chips. A deep understanding of integrated circuits requires knowledge in multiple fields such as semiconductor physics, circuit principles, and semiconductor processes.