character of transient suppression diode

Everyone knows very well that the role of the transient suppression diode is to effectively stabilize the voltage, thereby protecting the equipment in the circuit from high voltage, so how does it regulate the voltage? It uses the reverse breakdown characteristic to stabilize the voltage. When the voltage is high, it breaks through and leads to ground, and when the voltage is low, it does not break down. The transient suppression diode is used in reverse, and the regulator diode, also known as the Zener diode, maintains a high resistance value when used in reverse, and the resistance becomes sharply smaller and close to zero when the breakdown voltage is reached. (To limit the current)

    The state of the transient suppression diode at reverse breakdown: Reverse breakdown generally has two states: avalanche breakdown and Zener breakdown. Avalanche breakdown is when the reverse voltage of the PN junction increases to a value, and the carrier doubling is like an avalanche, increasing much faster and faster.  Zener breakdown is a strong electric field in the PN junction at high reverse voltage, breaking the covalent bond in the conductor will form electron-hole pairs, forming large reverse currents. Zener breakdown requires a lot of electric field strength! This can only be done in PN junctions with a large concentration of impurities. (The large impurity, the greater the charge density). PN junction reverse breakdown has Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown, generally both kinds of breakdown exist at the same time, but the breakdown when the voltage is lower than 5-6V is mainly Zener breakdown, and the breakdown when the voltage is higher than 5-6V is mainly avalanche breakdown.